COMPARE AND CONTRAST: FAN AND AIR CONDITIONER

In this technology era, there are many types of air conditioners created to replace fan as a cooling agent. For your information, James and John Hunter invented the ceiling fan in 1886, while modern air conditioner first made in 1902 by William Carrier.

First and foremost, there are differences between air conditioner and fan about climate. Obviously,air conditioner is used in country that have hot weather such as Malaysia, South East Country and others. Meanwhile, fan usually used in country that have moderate climate like China. Thus, the uses of fan and air conditioner are depends on the climate factor whether it is hot or vice versa.

Besides that, the other differences between air conditioner and fan is its advantages. Air conditioner wil keep the temperature to normal level. Air conditioner also control the humidity in the temperature and provide satisfactory, adequate freshening and ventilation. It also can purify the air where the dust will be filtered. The advantages of fan is it is cheap, limits the AC needs, lower energy efficiency and the most important is it has a long-life span.

On the other hand, fan and air conditioner also have their disadvantages. Air conditioner used high electric power, high cost needed and it also release chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gas that can lead to global warming which can be harmful to people. Fan also have their disadvantages which is it can be easily damaged, not cool enough for people who lived in hot weather country and does not filter air.

Furthermore, they also have differences in affordability. Air conditiner is usually used by high social class of people in developed country such as in Singapore and Japan. This is due to the price of the air conditioner that may reach thousands dollars. While fan is always used by people from moderate class such as in Africa, Myanmar and Indonesia.

As a conclusion, both air conditioner and fan have their advantages and disadvantges, but we would prefer fan more than air conditioner because it will cost us less and already suiable to be used in this country.


Prepared by:
1) Nur Hanani Binti A. Hamid
2) Nurul Afiqah Binti Mohd Rosdi
3) Adlin Nadia Binti Mohd Sidek

TASK 2B - COMPARE AND CONTRAST: SQUAT TOILET VS. SEAT TOILET

If someone tells you that he is ‘going to spend a penny’ or is going to ‘the smallest room in the house’, can you understand what he means? The answer is toilet. Toilet is a

fundamental need in our life. Basically, there are two types of toilet; squat toilet and seat toilet. This essay will discuss about the historical backgrounds of both toilet, their advantages and disadvantages.

During ancient Egypt, only rich people and proper bathrooms and toilets in their houses. The toilet seats for the rich people were made of limestone while poor people made theirs using wooden stool with a hole in it. At that time, there was a container filled with sand underneath of the seat which needed to be emptied by hand. For wealthy people, their slaves would do this dirty job for them. Meanwhile, in middle ages, toilets were simply pits in the ground with wooden seats over them. In the middle of 19th century, only royalty and the disabled used chair like toilets. Therefore, the throne-like water closet was invented for the use of ordinary people. That was the beginning of squat toilet.

Both toilet have their own advantages. Seat toilet seems more relaxing and saves energy, however, squat toilet has more benefits than it. Even though, someone will use a lot of energy to squat, but actually, this makes eliminating faster, easier and complete. By squatting, we use thighs to support the colon and prevent straining. Chronic straining on the toilet can cause hernia diverticulitis and pelvic organ prolapse. Besides, a pregnant woman is advised to use squat toilet. This is because squatting avoid pressure on the uterus when using the toilet and prevent her from harming her foetus. Moreover, daily squatting helps prepare one for a more natural delivery. According to a clinical study published by an Iranian radiologist, Dr. Saeed Rad in April 2002, squatting leads to complete evacuation. He measured the angle where the end of the rectum joins the anal canal. He found that when someone uses sitting toilet, the average of 132 degrees when he uses squat toilet. At times it reached 180 degrees, the pathway is perfectly straight and complete bowel elimination is achieved.

Everything have their pros and cons. So do toilets. When we are sitting on the toilet seat, the valve of elimination is unsupported and often leaks during evacuation and contaminating the small intestine. The small angle of bend during sitting forces us to strain a lot. This cause the elimination felt ‘incomplete’, in the sitting position. Although, Dr. Saeed Rad concluded that the use of the squat toilet is more comfortable and efficient method of bowel evacuation than the sitting toilet, but squatting for a long time can cause pile that also known as hemorrhoids and cramp.

In the nutshell, Prophet’s sunnahs while doing elimination can only be followed if we use squat toilet. As the effectiveness of squat toilet has been proven scientifically, this shows that squat toilet is far better than seat toilet.

DONE BY:

FAEIZAH AYUNI BT JAMIL & NUR HIDAYAH BT MOHAMED FAUDZI

LIFE BEFORE AND AFTER THE INVENTION OF FAST FOOD

In 1902, ready-made meals were sold in coin-operated machine in a cafe called Horn&Hardart's Automat in Philadelphia,and then,ten years later in New York.This was the beginning of modern fast food.Started in 1948,McDonald's is the biggest fast-food restaurant chain ever,selling a limited menu of cheap and quick food.Invention of fast food brings a lot of changes in our life.

The most obvious advantage of fast foods is it save time.Before fast foods are invented,people need to buy a lot of ingredients to cook.They need to go to market and prepare very early to make sure that the food can be served on time,but now,things change.The simple preparation of fast foods helps a lot as life nowadays is too busy and hectic.Therefore,ones can spend their time on other activities instead of wasting their time to prepare meals.The invention of fast foods lead to construction of many fast food restaurants and outlets.As a result,more job vacancies are available such as waiters and cashiers.

Invention of fast food also gives us many disadvantages.Lifestyle before the existence of fast food is far healthier.Before,mothers use fresh vegetables and unprocessed meat to prepare their meals.By this way,their children gain enough nutrients to maintain their health.Meanwhile,most of fast foods nowadays have lost their origin nutrients due to freezing and pasteurization.Furthermore,usually many preservatives and colourings are used to enhance their taste and appearance which can harm our health.

Presence of unsaturated fat and high cholesterol content in fast foods worsen this situation.Excessive cholesterol will be stored in a form of fat under human skin.This lead to overweight and obesity.Furthermore,as unsaturated fat cannot be digested by human body, it may get stuck in blood capillaries and cause hypertension,heart attack,and even stroke.Automatically,people that live before invention of fast food has longer life span.

In addition,besides causing higher dumping of rubbish and littering of plastics and polystyrene,fast food costs more than cooked food.For instance,we can buy many types of fresh foods using the same amount of money we use to buy an instant pizza.

In a nutshell,fast foods might benefit us, but it give more harm to our life.Taking longer time to cook food is far better than to have shorter life span.Think about it....

NATURE: THE DANGERS OF WATER POLLUTION TOWARDS LIVING THINGS AND ECONOMY

Do you know that water covers 70% of the earth's surface? Coincidentally, 70% of human body also made up of water. These show that water is a major need in our life. Unfortunately, this valuable gift has been polluted cruelly by human being, without realizing that they are engendering themselves by doing so. There are many dangers of water pollution to all living things and economy.

Living things especially human are most endangered by the dumping of industrial waste into the seas. This is because most of industrial waste contain a lot of hazardous chemical substances.One of them is called Asbestos.This substance is carcinogenic and may lead to serious health problems.If a person drinks water that contain Asbestos or inhale it's fibers, he may suffer from Asbestosis, a type of lung diseases.Other than that, this substance also can cause intestinal and liver cancer. Mercury and lead are common contents in industrial waste.If we took a drink or a food that contains mercury, it can lead to mercury poisoning and inhibit the action of bodily enzymes and even can cause death.

Oil spill can be catastrophic to local marine wild life.On 24th May 2010, the whole world was shocked by the enormous oil spill from British Petroleum(BP), one of the most well known oil company.Seabirds and penguins are always be the main victims of oil spills where they get all caught in oil.Their feathers become heavy and this make them unable to fly.This may lead to death as they cannot forage anymore.Other than that, oil will form a thick sludge on the surface of water as it is insoluble.The layer of oil prevent oxygen from penetrating into the water.This may suffocate aquatic animals.

Other than that, phenomenon of algae blooms also brings dangers.When fertilizers run-off into water, the nutrient level rises.As a result,algae grow and reproduce rapidly.Algae use up all oxygen in water and blocked sunlight from penetrating into water.Thus, marine animals get suffocated and marine plants cannot undergo photosynthesis.Besides, algae produce several toxins that are harmful to many forms of life, such as, pliesteria and dinoflagellate .Pliesteria injure fish's skin while dinoflagellate killed mussels.Meanwhile, toxin from diatom species will accumulate in the tissues of shellfish.When people, sea mammals or seabirds it the shellfish, they may ingest the toxins as well.Thus, their health may be endangered.

People do not realise that they may kill other living things if they throw rubbishes into the seas.Once, a sea turtle ate a plastic bag because it believe it to be jellyfish.The plastic bag caused intestinal blockage and the turtle finally dead.The turtle is one of thousand innocent aquatic animals that got killed by water pollution.

Beside endangering living things, water pollution may affect economy as well.According to Cornell University's in 1999, United States spent 123 billion dollar to destroy many alien invaders that came from eutrophication.These alien species including alien algae reduced fish stocks.Alien jellyfish reduced fish stocks by 90% after arriving in ballast water in San Francisco.Other than that when rivers and beaches in our country are polluted with rubbishes and dirt,it will not be attractive anymore.No tourist wants to visit dirty beaches.As a result,the number of foreign and local tourists will decrease.The owner of hotels and resorts will face a great loss.The traders of food and souvenirs will have less customer and less profit.Besides,there will be lesser flow of foreign currencies into our country,so our economy will be affected.

Fortunately, there are many steps that should be taken to control the water pollution. Firstly, water treatment plants and septic tanks can be used to treat sewage. Other than that, excessive nitrate in soil can be leached through denitrification process. Last but not least, ozone generator is used to break down pollutant in water source. In conclusion, human being should appreciate water and take great care of it before it is too late.

link for this project:
http://bcn.boulder.co.us/basin/waterworks/lust.html
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/eutrophication.html

COINCIDENCE...

COINCIDENCES make your life interesting.Have you ever meet any coincidence in your life?Just imagine if you are in situations below:

SITUATION 1:

Your wallet is stolen after you have lunch at Mak Cik Cafetaria.Your friends asks you to pay your debts.You tell him that your wallet has been stolen and you have no money at all, but he refuse to accept your excuse.Out of the blue, your lecturer asks you to buy a lot of books.At night, all of your friends go out for dinner while you are starving in your room.You cry and fall a sleep in hunger.Suddenly, your phone ringing. Your old friend calls you and tell you that he will come to your room to pay his old debt to you at that night.You feel so happy and jump joyfully.You feel that you are so lucky on that day.


SITUATION 2:

You and your friends go to Jordan for a holiday. All of you take a cab to a hotel nearby.All of you put all your luggages in the cab.Before anyone of you get into the cab, the cab move and speed off.There are nothing left with you.You want to seek help from people around you but you could not speak neither in English nor Arabic.You and your friends try to find a police station but fail.All of you are tired of walking and sit on the roadside.It is already dark.Suddenly, a nice uncle comes and asks, "What are you doing here in the middle of night?".You tell him the truth.Unexpectedly, he invites all of you to come and have dinner at his house.After dinner, the old man offers you and your friends to sleep there.You refuse because he has a daughter.You feel that it is not nice to be there.You tell him that all of you are planning to stay at hotel or motel.The nice uncle then brings you to a five-star hotel.You feel so worry because your money is not enough to pay for the rent.The uncle laughs and says "I'm the owner of this hotel.You and your friends can stay here as long as you want".You and your friends are shock and happy.

INTERESTING,isn't it?


If you are in both situations,you may think that it is just a coincidence.Good coincidence.Maybe you feel that the day is your lucky day.But, you do not realise that nothing will happen without Allah's will.There is no such 'coincidence' in real life.Everything happens for a reason.ALLAH knows when you NEED something.ALLAH knows WHEN TO HELP you.ALLAH knows WHAT KIND OF HELP that you need.Unfortunately, you never say ALHAMDULILLAH or being thankful to ALLAH even once.How UNGRATEFUL are you!

Just imagine if ALLAH no longer wants to help us anymore........
Who WOULD help you??
Who COULD help you??
THINK about it.....